Recognizing an Ischemic Stroke: Signs, Symptoms, and What to Do

An ischemic stroke occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is blocked, usually by a blood clot. Recognizing the signs and symptoms early and taking immediate action can save lives and reduce long-term disability. This guide will help you identify stroke symptoms quickly and know what to do if you or someone else experiences them.

Recognize Stroke Quickly: Remember BEFAST

Use the acronym BEFAST to quickly recognize the signs of a stroke:

• B – Balance: Sudden loss of balance or coordination, difficulty walking, dizziness, or unexplained falls.

• E – Eyes: Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes, blurry vision, or double vision.

• F – Face Drooping: Is one side of the face drooping or numb? Ask the person to smile. Does the smile look uneven?

• A – Arm Weakness: Is one arm weak or numb? Ask the person to raise both arms. Does one arm drift downward or feel unusually heavy?

• S – Speech Difficulty: Is speech slurred, hard to understand, or unusual? Ask the person to repeat a simple sentence.

• T – Time to Call 911: If you notice any of these signs, call emergency services immediately.

Other Important Symptoms of Stroke

While BEFAST is helpful, additional symptoms may also indicate a stroke. Be alert for:

• Sudden numbness or weakness on one side of the body (face, arm, or leg)

• Sudden confusion or difficulty understanding speech

• Sudden severe headache with no known cause

Why Immediate Action Matters

Every minute counts during a stroke. Without prompt treatment, approximately 2 million brain cells die every minute. Getting to the hospital quickly increases the chance of receiving effective treatments, such as clot-dissolving medication or embolectomy (a procedure to remove the clot), significantly reducing the risk of permanent disability.

What To Do If You Suspect a Stroke

If you or someone else shows symptoms of stroke, take these steps immediately:

1. Call 911 immediately:

Do not attempt to drive yourself or someone else to the hospital. Paramedics can start critical treatments en route and alert the hospital to prepare.

2. Note the time symptoms began:

Knowing the exact time symptoms started is crucial, as some treatments are only effective within certain time frames.

3. Stay calm and rest:

Stay calm, sit or lie down, and wait for emergency services. Moving around could increase injury risk.

4. Avoid self-medication:

Do not take aspirin or any other medication unless explicitly advised by emergency medical personnel or healthcare providers.

Understanding Stroke Risk Factors and Prevention

Several factors can increase your risk of stroke. Common risk factors include:

• High blood pressure

• Smoking

• Diabetes

• High cholesterol levels

• Obesity

• Sedentary lifestyle (lack of regular physical activity)

You can significantly reduce your stroke risk through lifestyle changes, regular check-ups, and appropriate medication.